An experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature behaviour of a pn diode. Jan 21, 2019 vi characteristics of pn junction diode. The zener breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse biased voltage below which the diode blocks the reverse. It is clear that idg increases as the reverse voltage rises. If you are having trouble reading a particular pdf document, you can experiment. Zener doide is a special diode with increased amounts of doping. Normally the voltage is taken along the xaxis and current along yaxis. Note down the corresponding input voltage and output voltage and tabulate it. Fix the load resistance value by using load resistance slider. A photodiode is a type of photodetector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of. The diode will be easier to understand if we compare the diode to another two terminal device we know and love the resistor. Jan 02, 2019 we are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode.
Experiments were performed with sinusoidal driving frequencies of 10 mhz to 1. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage. Dec 16, 2012 how we know in this experiment we find many type of rectifier such as halfwave rectifier circuit like in figure 5. Pdf determination of commercial silicon diode 4007in.
To investigate basic powersupplies concepts such as rectification, filtering, and regulation. Diode applications experiment 5 linkedin slideshare. The pn junction is a versatile element, which can be used as a. When a photon of sufficient energy enters the depletion region of a semiconductor diode, it may strike an atom with sufficient energy to release the electron from the atomic structure. An optocoupled breakout board bob will go between my linux pc and my cnc mill controller boards. You diodes will use the bit bucket breadboarding system to build and test several dc and ac diode circuits. Diode iv characteristics the iv graph for a nonideal diode is shown in figure 2, along with an ideal approximation to accommodate the nonzero threshold voltage. A pn junction is known as a semiconductor or crystal diode, so called because pn junction is grown out of a crystal. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a. This means that the gain changes depending on the incident light wavelength. To study iv characteristics in reverse bias and to measure variation of photocurrent as a function of reverse voltage and intensity.
For correct voltage regulation, we need to find out precisely what voltage should be across the zener diode. Performance of dc motors experiment 2 karimi lordramza. If you find these terms foreign, just read the chapter about understanding the pn junction. To verify the vi characteristics of pn junction diode and zener diode. Photodiode characteristics and applications photodiode. A pn junction is the metallurgical boundary between the n and pregions of a semiconductor crystal. It is the most essential and the basic building block of the electronic device. The polarity of the voltage source is such that the photodiode is reversed biased. It is a silicon or germanium pn junction diode which is photosensitive in. The properties of a pn junction are very dependable. Voltampere vi characteristics of a pn junction or semiconductor diode is the curve between voltage across the junction and the current through the circuit. Principle behind the invention of the diode the very basic principle that paved way for invention is the unidirectional way of flow of current. Accessing pdf documents with assistive technology a.
To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. To analyze the input and output characteristics and to. Connections are made as per the connection diagram. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following instruments.
Characteristics in chapter 1 understanding the pn junction, we have seen how a pn junction is formed from a ptype and ntype semiconductor. The output currentvoltage characteristic curve for a photovoltaic cell for different input intensities and the conditions for optimum power transfer to an external load. The zener diode mainly operates in reverse biased condition. However, their iv characteristics are very different. Diode characteristics 2012 summary this experiment was set up to investigate the different properties and characteristics of several different types of diode. A zener diode is a special kind of diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, zener knee. The very first diode by sir thomas alva edison was a light bulb with certain modifications on it.
For zero luminance the photo current is almost zero except for small dark current. Diode iv characteristics contents that should be delivered for every report. Nonideal diode iv curve and an approximation to the nonideal diode figure 3. Now, gently move the rheostat contact to provide a positive bias voltage. Zener diode, resistors, power supply, multi meter circuit diagram. They are also called pn diodes in analogy with vacuum diodes. Experiment 6, photodiode and phototransistor current measurements. Photodiode working principle, characteristics and applications a photodiode is a pnjunction diode that consumes light energy to produce electric current. Vi characteristics of pn junction diode in 3biasing modes. Current vs voltage curves the current gain will also increase with increasing temperature. Pdf a simple method is presented for determining the four diode. A zener diode, a power supply with potential divider, resistance of 125 ohm, a milliammeter, a voltmeter, connecting wires, oneway key etc.
An equation that models the iv characteristic of a nonideal diode is shown below. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a flow of current in an external circuit, proportional to the. Today we will continue studying these important devices by measuring the current characteristics under various light conditions the diagram on the next slide shows a. To study the reverse bias characteristic of photo diode for different intensity of incident light on it. This causes electrons from nregion to get attracted to positive terminal of the battery and holes by the negative terminal. Iv characteristics pn junction diode reverse biasing a pn junction when the polarity of the battery is reversed, the cathode is connected to positive end of the battery and anode to negative. Photodiode characteristics and applications silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to highenergy particles and photons. Repeat the above procedure for the forward and reverse characteristics of scr for a gate current i g i g2. The values of v ak and i ak are noted down, plotted and scr forward resistance is found. Photo diode, voltmeter 010volt, miliammeter, variable dc source010 volt. Plot forward and reverse characteristics using the abovetabulated values. A typical damper will include a capacitor, diode, and resistor with some also having a dc battery. Photodiode working principle, characteristics and applications.
A photo diode is always operated in reverse bias mode. Pn junctions consist of two semiconductor regions of opposite type. Experiment 6, photodiode and phototransistor current. Feb 23, 2008 using a photodiode as part of a experiment in optocoupler. The model circuit is a driven diode terminated transmission line with the transmission line impedance mismatched to that of the source. Pdf this paper describes an experiment that studies the effect of diode temperature and excitation current on forward diode voltage. Measure and plot vi characteristics of zener diodes. Replace the procedure in experiment 3 with the following procedure 1 measure the voltage and current through a signal diode use a 1n4148 from your graymark kit these are also available in the instrument room. Photodiode characteristics n iv characteristics the currentvoltage characteristic of a photodiode with no incident light is similar to a rectifying diode. We have seen in a previous experiment that the resistance of both a photodiode and a phototransistor changes as the intensity of the light hitting the device varies. The forward characteristics of a diode is non linear. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. The ideal diode has zero resistance for the forward bias polarity, and infinite resistance conducts zero current.
Pdf an experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8. From the photo diode characteristics it is seen clearly that the photo current is almost independent of applied reverse bias voltage. All accessible pdf documents have the following five characteristics. Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. Experiment 16 the pn junction university college dublin. The critical parameter of this type of diodes is the zener breakdown voltage. Zener diode, power supply, dc milliammeter and dc voltmeter. The pnjunction is the root for semiconductor diodes. The circuit diagram to plot the vi characteristics of a zener diode is shown. A zener diode is a diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage. The graph showing the forward bias voltage and forward current is known as the forward characteristics, and that showing the reverse bias voltage and reverse current is known as the reverse characteristics. You may use either of three methods to measure the vi characteristics. The pn junction diode is a twoterminal device, which is formed when one side of the pn junction diode is made with ptype and doped with the ntype material.
An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a silicon. Vi characteristics of pn junction diode electronics post. We have also learned about diffusion current, depletion region, drift current and barrier potential. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to. Anlage page 1 of 9 delayed feedback and chaos on the driven diodeterminated transmission line vassili demergis 1, alexander glasser2, marshal miller2, thomas m. Using a photodiode as part of a experiment in optocoupler. In nonfully depleted photodiodes, however, all three factors contribute to the response time. Photodiode, voltmeter 010volt, miliammeter, variable dc source010 volt, wiresleads. Each diode was investigated by plotting the iv curve using a precision sourcemeasurement unit b2902a and a laptop with the corresponding quick iv measurement software installed. Is reverse saturation current, n diode ideality factor, rs series resistance and gp shunt conductance. The vi characteristics of a diode can be forward or reverse. Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction.
To study the reverse bias characteristic of photodiode for different intensity of incident light on it. Such junctions show a pronounced rectifying behavior. It is clear the current gain at collectoremitter voltage vce2 is greater than the current gain at vce1. Clampers are easily distinguished from clippers in that they include a capacitive element. When the photodiode is forward biased, there is an exponential increase in the current. To characterize a rectifier diode and a zener diode. Photodiode characteristics silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to highenergy particles and photons.
Experiment no 1 pn junction diode characteristics youtube. To plot the characteristic curves for the zener diode and hence to determine knee and breakdown voltage. Plot the graph in which v in at xaxis v l at yaxis. Photo diode operationvi characteristics ece tutorials. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. This is to compensate for the damage that occurs in the case of a pn junction diode when the reverse bias exceeds the breakdown voltage and thereby. It is therefore important to select an apd with spectral response. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in. Technical information sd28 characteristics and use of. Experiment 16 the pn junction introduction in this experiment on the physics of the pn junction, a determination is made of both the universal constant ek i. We use zener diodes for voltage regulation and voltage stabilisation. Light energy can be considered in terms of photons or packets of light. It arises from the fact that the forward characteristics of real pn. For a constant base drive the curve shows a positive slope with increasing voltage.
Sometimes it is also called as photodetector, a light detector, and photosensor. Change the rheostat value from maximum to 0 by the interval 100. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. A zener diode is a special kind of diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the.
1019 1365 85 1040 301 1347 705 244 4 1512 1121 1045 1229 828 422 1019 169 251 658 1507 581 916 1178 694 620 1476 890 553 61 371 358 428 782 1222 1357 853 710 1104 1128